Leuprolide

What is leuprolide?

Leuprolide (brand names: Lupron, Carcinil, Daronda, Eligard, Elityran, Enanton, Enantone, Ginecrin, Lectrum, Leuplin, Lucrin, Lupride, Procren, Procrin, Prostap, Reliser, Trenantone, Viadur) is a synthetic hormone used to treat adrenal gland problems in ferrets, gonadal issues in birds, and experimentally treat reproductive issues and incontinence (involuntary loss of bladder and bowel control) in dogs and cats.

Its use in ferrets and birds to treat adrenal and gonadal problems and use in dogs and cats is off label (extra label). Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. 

“Off label” means the drug is being used in a way that has not been reviewed or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Health Canada. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions carefully, as they may be significantly different from those on the label.

How is leuprolide given?

• Leuprolide is given by injection into the muscle or under the skin and is usually administered by a veterinary professional. 
• Leuprolide is considered a hazardous drug, so it is essential to avoid accidental exposure. Wear gloves when handling the medication and do not handle it if you are pregnant or nursing. If your pet vomits after giving this drug, wear gloves while cleaning up. 

This medication will take effect quickly, in about 1 to 2 hours, but outward effects may take a few days to be recognized.

What if I miss giving my pet the medication?

If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember, and then wait the recommended time for the next dose, as prescribed by your veterinarian. Do not give the pet two doses at once.

Are there any potential side effects?

Leuprolide may cause the following side effects in ferrets:

• Pain at the injection site
• Breathing difficulties
• Sleepiness

Long-term use can lead to tolerance, so higher doses may be needed to get the same effects. 

Studies in birds are limited for leuprolide, so information about side effects is also limited. There has been one report of an allergic reaction in elf owls, but the significance of this side effect is unknown.

Drug sensitivities can develop over time, with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.

Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This long-acting medication lasts for weeks to months and may last longer in pets with kidney or liver disease.

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

DO NOT USE leuprolide in pets that:

• Are allergic to it or other gonadotropin-releasing hormones
• Are pregnant or nursing (major abnormalities and adverse reactions may occur)

Studies in animals are limited for this medication, so information about risk factors is also limited. In humans, this medication should be used cautiously in patients with certain heart conditions or in young patients. These human risk factors should be considered when using this medication in animals.

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

Several medications should be used with caution when given with leuprolide, including:

• Antidiabetic medications
• Any medications that cause QT prolongation (such as cisapride)

Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any new treatment.

Is any monitoring needed with this medication?

• There is no specific monitoring that needs to be done while your pet is taking this medication.
• Your veterinarian may monitor your pet to be sure that the medication is working by checking clinical signs. In ferrets, this medication should promote hair regrowth and decrease vulvar swelling, itchiness, aggression, and sexual behaviors. In birds, egg-laying should decrease.
• At home, monitor for any side effects such as those noted above. If any occur, stop using the medication and contact your veterinarian.

How do I store leuprolide?

• Store the injectable form at room temperature, below 30°C (86°F).
• Protect from freezing and light.
• The depot (long-acting) formulation should also be stored at room temperature below 30°C (86°F).
• Once the medication has been reconstituted (mixed into a solution), discard it within 2 hours.

What should I do in case of emergency?

If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet’s weight and symptoms.